...Temperature (°C) vs. Time (sec) for the...
...Temperature (°C) vs. Time (sec) for various...
...Change in Temperature with Time Using Proportional...
...in Temperature with Time Using Proportional Controller...
...Change in Temperature with Time Using Proportional-Integral...
...in Temperature with Time Using Proportional-Integral Controller...
...Change in Temperature with Time Using Proportional-Integral-Derivative...
...in Temperature with Time Using Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller...
...100% to 65% with half open water...
...Table 5: Temperature with time for 0%...
...5: Temperature with time for 0% to...
...Table 6: Temperature with time 100% to...
...6: Temperature with time 100% to 65%...
...Table 7: Temperature with time 65% to...
...7: Temperature with time 65% to 100%...
...Table 9: Temperature with time 65% to...
...9: Temperature with time 65% to 100%...
...Table 10: Temperature with time for 0%...
...10: Temperature with time for 0% to...
...Table 11: Temperature with time 65% to...
...11: Temperature with time 65% to 100%...
...0 to 40 with Kp = 3,...
...reduced system errors with the use of...
...of concentric pipes with the cold effluent...
...process error at time t Kp =...
...?i = integral time ?d = derivative...
...?d = derivative time The transfer function...
...is the derivative time ?i is the...
...is the integral time ? is the...
...? is the time constant 5 3.0...
...to 60% and with the same Kp,...
...set at 25 with same Kp and...
...set at 25 with same Kp and...
...100 150 200 Time (sec) Figure 2:...
...Temperature (°C) vs. Time (sec) for the...
...the step change, time constant, and controller...
...100% to 65% with half open water...
...Change 35.8 Corresponding Time at 63.2% -...
...at 63.2% - Time Constant 0.596546667 Controller...
...controller gain and time constant value calculated...
...the step change, time constant, and controller...
...Change 29.1 Corresponding Time at 63.2% -...
...at 63.2% - Time Constant 0.55 Controller...
...controller gain and time constant value calculated...
...The values of time constant are 0.60...
...the amount of time for a response...
...same amount of time required for a...
...same amount of time. 12 The next...
...100 150 200 Time (sec) Figure 3:...
...Temperature (°C) vs. Time (sec) for various...
...the step change, time constant, and controller...
...Change 29.1 Corresponding Time at 63.2% -...
...at 63.2% - Time Constant 0.55 Controller...
...Change 28.8 Corresponding Time at 63.2% -...
...at 63.2% - Time Constant 0.47936 Controller...
...controller gain and time constant value calculated...
...controller gain and time constant value calculated...
...controller gain and time constant values are...
...controller gain and time constant values are...
...than the system with a lower flow...
...250 300 350 Time (sec) Figure 4:...
...Change in Temperature with Time Using Proportional...
...in Temperature with Time Using Proportional Controller...
...100 120 140 Time, (sec) Figure 5:...
...Change in Temperature with Time Using Proportional-Integral...
...in Temperature with Time Using Proportional-Integral Controller...
...100 120 140 Time (sec) Figure 6:...
...Change in Temperature with Time Using Proportional-Integral-Derivative...
...in Temperature with Time Using Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller...
...theory, the system with a larger Ti...
...than a system with a lower Ti...
...that the response with Ti=25 was stabilized...